杨立新：民法分则继承编立法研究（上）_开正文苑_开正头条-山东开正律师事务所
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杨立新：民法分则继承编立法研究（上）

编辑：开正律师事务所　发布时间：2017-05-22　浏览量：316
<section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:25.6px;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:3px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;border:1px solid #5f9cef;display:inline-block;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0.1em 0.3em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#ffffff;background-color:#5f9cef;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">一、</span></strong><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:25.6px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">我国现行《继承法》的产生背景与存在的主要问题</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;line-height:normal;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 2px 3px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom-width:2px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#5f9cef;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0.3em 0.4em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;min-width:1.8em;min-height:1.6em;text-align:center;border-radius:80% 100% 90% 20%;color:#fffff0;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#5f9cef;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:17.7778px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（一）</section></section><span style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.4em;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:18.018px;line-height:25.6px;display:inline-block;color:#5f9cef;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:25.6px;">我国现行《继承法》的产生过程</strong></span></span></strong></span></p></span></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-indent:0em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:48px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">1949年特别是1956年以来，在社会主义公有制的基础上，由于自然人财富稀少和对继承制度需求不迫切，导致1949年以后继承制度没有完整地建设起来，在认识上继承制度受到打压甚至鄙视。1958年3月立法机关提出一部《继承法（草稿）》规定了通则、法定继承、遗嘱继承、清偿债务等相关的内容。20世纪60年代形成了第二次民法典编纂的高潮，但是在此期间出现的民法草案几乎都没有继承法的内容。1966年开始私有财产被认为是社会主义公有制的对立物，在司法实践中继承纠纷被称为“遗产纠纷”，1975年以后“遗产纠纷”寥寥无几。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">改革开放后才认可了私有财产的继承，但仍然缺少继承制度。同时，海外遗产继承急需我国法律为依据。在第三次民事立法高潮中，在各稿草案中都对财产继承做出了相关的规定。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">1949年到1984年的民事立法中，继承法基本分为了三个阶段。第一阶段，1958年至1965年，只提到继承权而无具体制度。第二阶段，1966年至1978年，民事立法的空白期。第三阶段，自1980年开始，历次民法草案中都规定了继承制度，篇幅基本在28条左右，基本内容与1958年《继承法（草稿）》大致相同。同时，在上述期间办不了若干司法解释，比较具体地规定、完善了继承制度，1985年《继承法解释》提高了该法的可操作性。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 2px 3px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;border-bottom-width:2px;border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#5f9cef;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0.3em 0.4em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;min-width:1.8em;min-height:1.6em;text-align:center;border-radius:80% 100% 90% 20%;color:#fffff0;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#5f9cef;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:17.7778px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（二）</section></section><span style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.4em;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:18.018px;line-height:25.6px;display:inline-block;color:#5f9cef;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:25.6px;">《继承法》的历史背景</strong></span></span></strong></span></p></span></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">我国《继承法》制定的历史背景有以下突出特点：首先，国家处于改革开放初期，旧的思想仍然具有强大的影响力，难以建立完善的民事制度，保护私有财产和遗产传承的继承制度也存在考验。其次，初步确立了私有财产的合法性与保护制度，但是在公有财产与私有财产保护程度上存在差别。第三，计划经济是当时社会的基本形态，《继承法》仍然天然体现计划经济的特征。第四，全国公民出于普遍贫穷的状态，遗产范围狭窄，导致了继承规则的简单化。第五，前苏联继承制度是我国继承法立法的主要参照系，参照系较为落后，难以符合市场经济社会的需求。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 2px 3px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;display:inline-block;border-bottom:2px solid #5f9cef;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0.3em 0.4em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;min-width:1.8em;min-height:1.6em;text-align:center;border-radius:80% 100% 90% 20%;color:#fffff0;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#5f9cef;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:17.7778px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（三）</section></section><span style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.4em;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:18.018px;line-height:25.6px;display:inline-block;color:#5f9cef;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:25.6px;">我国《继承法》存在的主要问题</strong></span></span></strong></span></p></span></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">1. 基本的继承制度与社会经济状况对继承的需求不相适应</span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">首先，《继承法》制定时的社会经济形态与今天的市场经济不同，难以适应市场经济对继承制度的需求。其次，改革开放近40年来，民事主体私有财产大大增加，对于遗产继承提出了新的要求。再次，《民法通则》制定和实施以后人们的私权保障观念大大增强，需要在继承制度中更好地保障继承人的意志。最后，《继承法》规定的继承制度没有反映财产尽可能沿着直系血亲向下流转的遗产传承规律。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">2.《继承法》总则规定中存在的问题</span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">首先，在一般规定上，存在规定的继承法原则不足的问题。《继承法》第2条不仅规定了继承开始时间，还包含了当然继承的意思。其规定的保护继承权、男女平等等原则都应当体现在《民法总则》中，不必另作规定。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">其次，遗产范围受到严格限制，《继承法》第3条从正面概括了遗产范围，又做出了限制性的规定，不符合保护继承权的原则。其中，第3条第5项的限制规定受到计划经济的影响，第4条完全否定了土地承包经营权的用益物权属性，不符合《物权法》的规定。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">最后，继承权及其规则的缺失，主要体现在：一是关于继承权的接受和放弃。《继承法》第</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">25</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">条规定了继承权的放弃。接受与放弃继承的权利属于继承权的必要内容，但是这种规定使得放弃继承实践过长，使继承活动出于不确定状态，然而对于受遗赠人的选择权则存在两个月的期间限制。对于诸如放弃继承可否附条件、附期限，《继承法》则没有做出规定。二是关于继承权的丧失，现行法一方面未明确规定绝对丧失与相对丧失，另一方面规定的丧失事由不足，同时对于继承权回复条件规定过于苛刻，没有特别尊重被继承人的意愿。三是缺失继承回复请求权的规定，对于继承立法如何体现其性质、是否具有专属性、效力如何、是否存在特殊诉讼时效等都缺乏规定。</span><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">3.法定继承制度存在的问题</span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第一，法定继承人范围过窄，不利于保护自然人的继承权，不符合《宪法》的相关规定，存在无人继受的遗产可能性极大，不利于保护自然人私有财产继承权。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第二，法定继承顺序过少。主要有三个问题：法定继承人的继承顺序过少，不能使遗产尽可能被保留给血亲，有悖于《宪法》对私有财产继承权的保护。第二，将配偶规定为第一顺序继承人，不利于保护被继承人血亲继承人的利益。第三，将父母与子女安排在同一法定继承顺序，不能将遗产集中保留在被继承人子女及其后代的家庭中而实现育幼职能，导致了遗产同时向上、下流动，不符合遗产流转的规律。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第三，法定继承份残缺。主要体现在对于配偶的法定应继份规定不科学，应当采取无固定继承顺序，兼顾对配偶与血亲的保护。第二，对其他继承人的应继份没有规定。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第四，关于丧偶儿媳和丧偶女婿的继承权问题。丧偶儿媳与女婿不是血亲而是姻亲，被列为第一顺序法定继承人不科学也不合理，如果其子女通过代位继承也继承一份遗产，则实际上取得双份遗产，会导致不公平的后果。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">4.遗嘱继承规则不敷应用</span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">主要存在问题是：第一，遗嘱处分权利的固定内涵与外延相对不足，没有明确遗嘱设立主体、遗嘱继承主体和受遗赠主体等问题。第二，《继承法》第17条关于遗嘱的形式、效力固定过于简陋，不利于保证被继承人的遗嘱自由，对于新的遗嘱形式没有规定，不能满足被继承人意愿。第三，《继承法》第20条没有规定遗嘱撤回和不同情况下遗嘱撤销。第四，《继承法》第22条没有规定遗嘱能力的最低起点。此外，对于遗嘱制定、生效、效力打破、通知与公布、遗嘱执行人、继承人处分财产等都没有规定。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">5.遗赠扶养协议规则不足且未规定继承协议</span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">《继承法》第31条规定了遗赠扶养协议制度，但存在一些问题，例如排除了法定继承人和继承协议的适用。遗赠扶养协议难以适用《合同法》制度，而《继承法》中缺少规定，容易产生纠纷。《继承法》亟需补充缺乏的继承协议制度。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">6.遗产处理制度存在较多缺陷</span></strong></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:2em;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第一，继承开始的通知的规定没有公示催告和申报程序，忽略了对遗产债权人的保护。第二，继承开始的地点未作出规定，不利于解决遗产纠纷的属地管辖。第三，遗产保管的规定不完善。第四，遗产债务的范围过于模糊。第五，关于遗产分割与债务清偿的顺序缺乏专门规定，法律应当规定在遗产分割前必须先清偿债务。第六，缺乏法定特留份制度。</span></p><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;line-height:normal;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section style="margin:0px;padding:3px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;border:1px solid #5f9cef;display:inline-block;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0.1em 0.3em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#ffffff;background-color:#5f9cef;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">二、</span></strong><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:25.6px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">民法分则继承编的指导思想和篇章结构设计</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;line-height:normal;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 2px 3px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;display:inline-block;border-bottom:2px solid #5f9cef;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0.3em 0.4em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;min-width:1.8em;min-height:1.6em;text-align:center;border-radius:80% 100% 90% 20%;color:#fffff0;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#5f9cef;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:17.7778px;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（一）</section></section><span style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.4em;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:18.018px;line-height:25.6px;display:inline-block;color:#5f9cef;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;min-height:1em;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:16px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;line-height:25.6px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;line-height:25.6px;">指导思想</strong></span></span></strong></span></p></span></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:25.6px;widows:1;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">《继承法》作为民法分则继承变，应当遵循的指导思想是：</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第一，继承制度与社会经济发展状况相一致的原则，即继承制度必须与社会财富状况相一致，以避免财产流转秩序的混乱，影响社会制度的安定。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第二，继承制度繁简与社会实际需要相一致原则。《继承法》规定的继承制度非常简陋，难以概括继承法所要涵盖的制度。虽然有法官认为继承制度基本可行，但现行的继承制度是不完善、不完备的，必须进行全面修订。在财富大量增加，继承纠纷出现不同情况、复杂疑难程度增加的情形下，应当尽量增加可适用的继承制度，应当尽可能避免由于法律规定缺失而使被继承人支配遗产的行为归于无效。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第三，继承制度与遗产流转规律相一致的原则。遗产流转规律不是依据立法者的主观意志改变，而是人类繁衍形成的规律。比较法上也都遵从从长辈尊亲属向晚辈卑亲属流转的规律与方向。我国将父母作为第一顺序继承人不符合遗产流转方向，在制定继承编时必须予以特别注意。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第四，继承法改革与婚姻家庭编等民法制度改革相一致原则。首先，继承法是财产法也是身份法，婚姻家庭法中关于亲属范围的规定过于狭窄，导致了《继承法》中法定继承的诸多问题。所以继承编的制定应当与婚姻家庭编相一致，构成和谐体系。其次，在行为能力、法律行为与意思表示等也要与《民法总则》协调。在此，还应当与民法分则相协调。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#3e3e3e;font-family:&quot;helvetica neue&quot;, helvetica, &quot;hiragino sans gb&quot;, &quot;microsoft yahei&quot;, arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;widows:1;text-indent:28px;line-height:normal;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;background-color:#ffffff;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">第五，肃清“左”的思想与坚持民族习惯相一致的原则。我国对于前苏联“左”的继承法立法思想和制度的继受存在简陋、粗疏的弊病，对于当下《继承法》的改革造成了阻碍，容易受到质疑。我国应当依照市场经济的客观实际需要构建继承制度，需要肃清“左”的思想影响，坚持市场经济和民族特色。</span></p><div><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-family:宋体;line-height:28.4444px;text-align:justify;text-indent:32px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><br /></span></div><p><br /></p>

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