最高院：能否仅以同意抵押的股东会决议送达给债权人来认定抵押关系成立？_开正资讯

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开正头条: 最高院：能否仅以同意抵押的股东会决议送达给债权人来认定抵押关系成立？

编辑：开正律师事务所　发布时间：2020-06-23　浏览量：314
<section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98781" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:10px auto;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 45px 0px 5px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d22522;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px 20px 10px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3b3838;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;">裁判要旨</section></section><section data-width="20%" style="margin:-12px 0px 0px 129px;padding:1px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:32.25px;height:4px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:1px;text-indent:36px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">案涉股东会决议虽加盖了抵押人公司的公章，载明了被担保债权的种类、数额及抵押财产范围，但毕竟是一份公司内部决议，而非书面要约、合同文本等通常以公司名义向特定主体发出抵押意思的载体，而单方允诺仅涉及保证合同，并未涉及抵押合同，且抵押合同应采用书面形式，故该股东会决议无法构成单方允诺。</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98781" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:10px auto;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 45px 0px 5px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d22522;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px 0px -10px -10px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;border-color:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section><section style="margin:0px 20px 10px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3b3838;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;">案例索引</section></section><section data-width="20%" style="margin:-12px 0px 0px 129px;padding:1px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:32.25px;height:4px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:1px;text-indent:36px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">《恒丰银行股份有限公司重庆分行、重庆亨盾实业有限公司金融借款合同纠纷二审案》【（2019）最高法民终58号】</span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98781" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:10px auto;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 45px 0px 5px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d22522;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px 0px -10px -10px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;border-color:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section><section style="margin:0px 20px 10px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3b3838;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;">争议焦点</section></section><section data-width="20%" style="margin:-12px 0px 0px 129px;padding:1px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:32.25px;height:4px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section></section></section></section><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:1px;text-indent:36px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;">同意抵押的股东会决议送达给债权人后能否认定抵押关系成立？</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:1px;text-indent:36px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="padding:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;min-height:1em;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="98781" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:10px auto;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;text-align:center;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:inline-block;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px 45px 0px 5px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d22522;"><section style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;"><section style="margin:0px 0px -10px -10px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;border-width:2px;border-style:solid;border-color:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section><section style="margin:0px 20px 10px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:20px;height:20px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section><section data-brushtype="text" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;color:#3b3838;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;">裁判意见</section></section><section data-width="20%" style="margin:-12px 0px 0px 129px;padding:1px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;width:32.25px;height:4px;background:#d22522;overflow:hidden;"><br style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">最高院认为：</span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">一、互相置业公司应否对案涉借款承担责任</span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">恒丰银行重庆分行主张其与互相置业公司之间成立抵押合同关系，互相置业公司应依约对亨盾公司的债务承担连带清偿责任；即使不认定双方成立抵押合同关系，互相置业公司也构成单方允诺或缔约过失并应承担相应责任。本院认为，恒丰银行重庆分行的上述主张不能成立，分述如下：</span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#000000;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（一）恒丰银行重庆分行与互相置业公司之间是否成立抵押合同关系</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">基于促进交易的理念，我国合同法保护缔约形式自由，但出于交易理性、交易安全等考虑，法律对部分合同仍保留特殊形式要求，《中华人民共和国合同法》第十条规定“法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式”。因抵押合同通常具有单向负担义务的性质，风险性较高，法律意图通过合同的书面性要求给予抵押人最后一次深思熟虑的机会，尽量避免其作出草率决定，故《中华人民共和国物权法》第一百八十五条第一款规定“设立抵押权，当事人应当采取书面形式订立抵押合同”，《中华人民共和国担保法》第三十八条规定“抵押人和抵押权人应当以书面形式订立抵押合同”。恒丰银行重庆分行作为专业金融机构，对其金融借款所涉抵押合同理应坚持书面性要求。而</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">本案中，恒丰银行重庆分行与互相置业公司未签订书面抵押合同，不符合法律关于抵押合同的特殊形式要求。</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">同时，恒丰银行重庆分行与互相置业公司之间实质上也难谓形成了担保合意。首先，抵押意思载体与通常形式不符。</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">公司提供抵押意思的形成过程，原则上包括作出股东会决议、内部工作人员执行股东会决议并制作以公司名义向特定主体发出抵押意思的载体两个阶段。案涉股东会决议虽加盖了互相置业公司的公章，载明了被担保债权的种类、数额及抵押财产范围，但毕竟是一份公司内部决议，而非书面要约、合同文本等通常以公司名义向特定主体发出抵押意思的载体。</span></strong><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">其次，抵押意思载体的送达方式存在争议。恒丰银行重庆分行主张案涉股东会决议系互相置业公司直接送交，但不能陈述双方具体经办人员及详细过程。在互相置业公司否认其直接送交过的情况下，</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">恒丰银行重庆分行何以持有案涉股东会决议在事实层面上存在争议，互相置业公司的意思外化过程存在瑕疵。</span></strong><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">再次，互相置业公司的股东会决议作出于案涉贷款发放一年多之后，且作出股东会决议不久，互相置业公司的全部股权因交易发生了变化。由于变更后的股东对该股东会决议不予认可加之股权转让过程中存在其他纠纷，引发湖南高院48号案诉讼。根据本院调取的该案材料，无法得出新股东承诺承接案涉债务或股权转让价款包含案涉债务的结论。故互相置业公司关于股东会决议系原股东作出、新股东不知情的主张具有一定合理性。最后，互相置业公司在股东变更后的几个月内向亨盾公司的贷款还款账户汇入应付利息，表明互相置业公司与亨盾公司之间存在一定关联关系，但代为还款行为不足以证明互相置业公司有为案涉借款提供抵押担保的意思。</span></span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">综合上述因素，应当认定恒丰银行重庆分行与互相置业公司之间并未形成抵押合同关系。</span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（二）互相置业公司是否构成单方允诺</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">虽然《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国担保法>若干问题的解释》第二十二条第一款对保证合同作出“第三人单方以书面形式向债权人出具担保书，债权人接受且未提出异议的，保证合同成立”的特殊规定，但是</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">该条文仅涉及保证合同，并未涉及抵押合同，且实施日期在后的《中华人民共和国物权法》明确规定抵押合同应采用书面形式。故恒丰银行重庆分行主张互相置业公司构成单方允诺缺乏法律依据。</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">（三）互相置业公司应否承担缔约过失责任</span></section><section style="margin:20px 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;color:#333333;font-family:-apple-system-font, blinkmacsystemfont, arial, sans-serif;text-align:justify;background-color:#ffffff;font-size:17px;letter-spacing:0.544px;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">恒丰银行重庆分行主张互相置业公司假借订立合同恶意磋商，又变更股东拒绝办理抵押物登记，应承担缔约过失责任。本院认为，首先，恒丰银行重庆分行并未提供证据证明互相置业公司存在假借订立合同恶意磋商的行为。其次，作为以发放贷款为主要业务的商业银行</span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">，<strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">恒丰银行重庆分行理应熟悉抵押担保业务的相关法律规定及行业规则，应当在持有案涉股东会决议之后</strong></span><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">，</strong>根据《中华人民共和国物权法》第一百八十五条及《中华人民共和国担保法》第三十八条之规定，</span><strong style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;color:#000000;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">积极要求互相置业公司以书面形式订立抵押合同。然而，恒丰银行重庆分行在二审庭审中确认未对互相置业公司进行书面催告，也未提交证据证明曾进行口头催告</span></strong><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;">。此外，争议抵押事项系对原本发生借款的追加担保，既未影响借款发放，也未增加回收风险，恒丰银行重庆分行不能证明互相置业公司的行为对其造成了损失。恒丰银行重庆分行主张互相置业公司承担缔约过失责任，缺乏法律依据与事实基础。</span></span></section><div><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;letter-spacing:1px;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><span style="margin:0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5em;box-sizing:border-box !important;word-wrap:break-word !important;overflow-wrap:break-word !important;"><br /></span></span></div><p><br /></p>

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